As the temperatures drop, tank de-icers and water circulators become essential tools to ensure your horses have access to fresh, unfrozen water. Horses need a consistent supply
of water year-round, and in winter, this can be a challenge. Research shows that horses are less likely to drink enough if their water is too cold (less than 45 degrees fahrenheit) or of course frozen, which significantly increases their risk of colic. Water trough heaters play a vital role in preventing this by keeping water at a palatable temperature, encouraging proper hydration and maintaining your horse’s overall health.
That said, these devices, while incredibly useful, can also pose serious dangers. Especially with plastic or rubber tanks. Many people assume that plugging a de-icer into a GFCI outlet
ensures safety, but GFCIs can and do fail more often than you would think. When they fail, stray voltage can leak into the water, delivering anything from a mild shock that deters your horse from drinking to a lethal jolt of electricity.
If you’re using a plastic or rubber tank, grounding is crucial. The best method is to sink a properly sized grounding rod near the tank and connect a copper wire to it. Wrap the other end of the wire securely around a heavy rock, submerge it in the water, and let it rest at the bottom of the tank. This setup helps redirect stray voltage and reduces the risk of shock.
Always ensure you’re using the proper gauge of extension cord for your de-icer, and make sure it is rated for outdoor use. Protect all cord connections with plastic covers, and inspect your equipment regularly, including the de-icer, cords, grounding wire, GFCI outlet, and electrical box.
Metal tanks tend to self-ground, so issues are less common, but if you are using an automatic waterer avoid placing the GFCI underneath the unit. Moisture and condensation can trip the breaker frequently, causing frustration and possibly putting your horses at risk.
Another potential hazard is electric fences. If your water tank is close to a fence, stray current can “jump” from the fence to the heater, creating a shock risk. In such cases, relocating the tank may be necessary.
Even a minor shock can condition a horse to avoid the water entirely, leading to dehydration and increasing the likelihood of colic-a preventable but potentially fatal problem.
Testing for voltage in water troughs is a simple yet critical step to ensure your horse’s safety. To do this, use a multimeter set to the AC voltage setting. Attach the black lead to a grounding point, such as a metal fence post or a grounding rod. Place the red lead into the water. Any voltage reading indicates a problem.
Even low levels of stray voltage can cause discomfort and train your horse to avoid drinking. Remember horses are much more sensitive than we are and will notice voltage far less than we will by feel. If you detect voltage, inspect your setup for issues with the de-icer, cords, grounding, or nearby electrical equipment.
For persistent problems, consult an electrician to address the source of the stray voltage. Regular testing, especially during the winter months, can prevent dangerous situations and keep your horse safe and hydrated.
Lastly, while heated 5-gallon buckets are a great option, they have been known to overheat, melt, or even catch fire. Use them with the same caution you would apply to space heaters or holiday lights, don’t leave them entirely unattended and check them regularly.
Water trough heaters are an essential part of winter horse care, but they require careful setup and consistent monitoring to be both effective and safe. Stay vigilant this winter, and ensure your setup is secure so your horses can stay hydrated and healthy!